Survey On Keyword Search Of Relational Databases Essay

SURVEY ON KEYWORD SEARCH IN RELATIONAL DATABASES Chavan Aparna R1, Bangar S2 1 M. Tech Scholar, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology (MIT), Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology (MIT), Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India Abstract Keyword search is the most effective information discovery method in documents. The large volume of data is stored in databases. Plain text coexists with structured data, unstructured data for this type of data efficient processing of top-k queries is a crucial requirement. This paper describes fundamental characteristics including relational database, top-k queries, steiner trees. Recently, Tuple units are used to improve the keyword search by joining the multiple related tuple units and indexes are used for structural relationships. In this paper various existing techniques for developing search system are compared. This survey also describes the Ranking. Ranking queries are dominant in many emerging applications for finding top-k answers. The research strategy used to resolve is top-k query processing. Key Words: Keyword Search, Top-k Query Processing, Relational Databases, Tuple Units. --------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Introduction Data mining is the process that attempts to discover patternsShow MoreRelatedThe Issues On Multimedia Mining2951 Words   |  12 PagesThese data are stored in multimedia database, multimedia mining which is used to find information from large multimedia database system, using multimedia techniques and powerful tools. This paper analyzes aboutthe use of essential characteristics of multimedia data mining, retrieving information is one of the goals of data mining and different issues have been discussed. 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What Does It Mean - 929 Words

What does it mean to be truly alone? Most people believe being alone holds a negative connotation. However, I have found that being isolated can truly make one stop and breathe and have time to really think about their life and what their purpose is. Above all, to be truly alone one must be physically and virtually disconnected from others for a time. For example, to me being alone is often something I get excited for in advance. I relish my free time to laze around and just be able to do anything I please without feeling the judgment of other people pressuring me to be productive at all times. Considering this, one might think about Anna Quindlen’s essay â€Å"Doing Nothing Is Something,† and realize that being unproductive for a few hours could fuel a person’s creativity so that they are able to write or compose or act effectively. Personally, after having time alone to relax I always feel more ready to tackle a daunting task. Being alone means doing what you w ould do in any situation where others are not criticizing or watching your actions. For instance, I always work better when I am first alone for a few hours, when I can have a few unscheduled minutes of my day to rest my brain and prepare to be around other individuals or prepare to work. Winters 2 Also stated in Quindlen’s essay was the topic of the summertime and how it has changed for the schoolchildren of this era. When I was in elementary school, summer meant sleeping as late as possible and not seeing mostShow MoreRelatedWhat Does It Mean?1389 Words   |  6 PagesMaintenance items: 31 Pre-Contemplation- What does that mean? I would explain to Justin that individuals in the pre-contemplation stage of change are not even thinking about changing their drinking or drug behavior. They may not see it as a problem, or they think that others who point out the problem are exaggerating (Grohol, J. M., 2006, February 13). 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Government Intervention in Market Economy

Question: Examine the nature of economic activity in the business market, understand the economic environment of business and evaluate the broad approaches to organisation and management? Answer: Introduction In the growing competitiveness of businesses, the consideration of the external and internal environmental factors is necessary for an organization as well as for governments to ensure the sustainability of the businesses and growth in the economy. The business environment of the UK market is composed of both external environment and internal environment. From an organization perspective, the internal environment factors are controllable forces that can be controlled by an organization through changes in its organizational policies, systems, and structures (Beer, 2013). The internal environmental factors include employees morale, financial changes, management changes, organizational structures and cultural changes, and internal work environment. The external environmental factors are uncontrollable forces that cannot be controlled by the firms. The external environmental factors are those forces that take place outside of the organizations. It is harder to predict and control these forces. The external environmental factors include political, legal, socio-cultural, technological, economic, competition and environmental factors. Similarly, government of UK has to assess the internal factors i.e. factors that are internal to country and also, the external factors that are outside the UK economy but these factors also affect the UK economy. All these factors affect the business operations and activities of the industries greatly because these forces put pressures on the industries to follow the government legislations and environmental regulations while operating the businesses in the contemporary business environment (Hodder Education, 2015). This assessment discusses the impact of the government intervention and economic poli cies in the UK market economy. Government Intervention in Market Economy The UK government plays an important role in determining the economic behaviors in the market through its economic policies and intervention. There are several reasons for the government intervention in the UK market economy. Firstly, the government intervenes when the goods or services are under-consumed or over-consumed. Secondly, the government intervenes when it believes in the redistribution of the wealth and income in a more equitable way. It also intervenes, when it thinks that the intervention and policy changes are mandatory for the improvements in the economic performance in the market (Pierrakis and Westlake, 2009). The UK government intervenes in the market economy in the form of indirect taxation, subsidies, tariffs, pricing and distribution control, legislations, pollution control, buffer stocks, and state provision. The UK government legislations and economic policies determine the environment in which the entrepreneurs operate their businesses. The fiscal and monetary policies of the UK government influence the market economy greatly. The fiscal policy is determined by the government in the form of taxes, such as VAT, sales tax, service tax, corporation taxes, employees state insurance tax, excise duty, and subsidies at local, federal and national level (Giudice, Kuenzel, and Springbett, 2012). For ex-employees state insurance tax imposes the taxes on the salary and wages of the employees. The UK government supports the import and export businesses by imposing the low taxes on the exchange of the goods and services. The monetary policies are also determined by the UK government in the form of changes in the exchange rates, interest rates, inflation rates, and unemployment rates (Guay, 2014). The changes in the interest rates, inflation rates, currency value and GDP influence the pricing and product development strategies of the businesses. A rise in the interest rates reduces the purchasing power of the customers and industrial activities. If the UK government raises the interest rates, the borrowing costs, interest debt payments, and mortgage housing rates also increase. As a result, the entrepreneurs will have to pay more prices for the exchange of raw materials, technologies and labors. The high-interest rates and inflation rates will increase the transportation rates because of higher prices of oils, as a result of the prices of the goods and services will be increased. The high-interest rates, inflation rates, and high exchange rates will reduce the customer spending because of low purchasi ng power (Pelaez, 2008). These adverse economic conditions will decrease the sales figures, clientele, economies of scale and profitability of the organizations because of the low spendings by the customers. On the other hand, the low-interest rates, inflation rates, and low exchange rates will create more earnings to the industrial sectors by promoting the industrial activity. In these favorable economic conditions, the customers will prone to more spending because of a high purchasing power. The government intervention influences the entrepreneurship and business partnerships with private and public enterprises. During an economic recession or crisis, if the UK government doesnt support the industries by providing the financial assistance for purchasing the raw materials due to financial problem of the companies, the productivity and business performance of the firms will be affected. The government spending and intervention also affect the HR activities of the industrial sectors. For ex- if the UK government doesnt organize the training and development programs, it can cause for the unskilled and inexperienced labors that will result into the decreased productivity and unexpected performance. The lower spending by the UK government in the training, research, education, and technology will affect the industrial activity and international trade adversely (Mitchell, 2012). The government intervention and economic policies also affect the investment pattern and production o utputs of the industrial sectors. For ex- if the government imposes higher taxes and more legal issues on the businesses, the entrepreneurs will make less investment in the research, technology, training, education, and product development that will affect the productivity and annual turn-over of the industries. The Mixed economic system is followed in the UK marketplace where the UK government holds control on the international trade, resource allocation, demand and supply and research activities. Along with this, the competitive policies and regulatory mechanism of the UK Government also affect the HRM policies, production process, pricing, distribution, and customer buying activities. In the UK market economy, the government supports the industrial activity by taking the view that markets are best suited to allocating scarce resources and allow the market forces to determine prices through demand and supply pattern. The government intervention improves the national economic performance by maintaining the value of Pound (Walley, 2012). The government intervention plays an important role in achieving the equitable distribution of income and wealth. The competition policies and regulation mechanism in the UK market create a fair competition that provides the opportunities for the new firms t o enter the UK market. The government intervention brings improvements in the UK market economy by creating an allocative, dynamic efficient, and productive environment . The government intervention restricts or distorts the competitive markets. It supports the industrial activity or entrepreneurship by reducing the unemployment or to overcome the economic recession. The government intervention assists the industrial sector to redistribute the wealth and income by improving the equality of opportunities and output. The government intervention also assists in overcoming the market failure rates through funding public goods (Kitson and Michie, 2015). The government spending breaks the monopoly in the market. It brings a lot of improvements in the institutional infrastructure. It also plays an important role in overcoming the violence and corruptions in the UK market. For ex- if the government intervention is recognized in a way that it introduces insufficiency higher than rationalizing the entire economy sys tem that will create a threat of damaging the UK economy. The distort intervention can result into higher costs and customer dissatisfaction. The government intervention supports the industrial activity and international trade by providing the financial assistance to the businesses from the banks and financial institutions in the form of credits or loans. The government supports the businesses of the local industries by providing the subsidies and tariffs to make the profitable businesses. The government imposes taxes on the foreign products that make the foreign products more expensive than domestic products so that the demand for the domestic products could be increased. The government also supports the industrial sectors by providing the consistent supply of the raw materials, technology, labors, resources, and capital through their spending activities. The government employment legislations regulate the business organizations to create the equal employment opportunity for all whether freshers or experienced employees by avoiding the discrimination, prejudices, and biases (Bergstein, 2014). The government legislations e ncourage the business organizations to provide the employees a supportive and learning environment through training, development, and learning programs for the employee satisfaction and high moral. The government also regulates the customer protection laws instructing the companies to maintain the quality standards and value efficiency to deliver the quality products and value added services so that repetitive business could be made. The UK government environmental legislations regulate the business organizations to follow the ethical code of conduct, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and eco-friendly policies in order to improve the corporate social performance locally and globally. For ex- if the government closely monitors the environmental hazardous and industrial polluted activities, the industries will be prone to reduce the waste disposals, excessive water usage, and resource wastage that will be beneficial for both communities and industries. Conclusion In the conclusive statement, it is analyzed that the government intervention in the market economy is essential to improve the environmental conditions in which the entrepreneurs operates their businesses. The government economic policies and legislations determine the way of a business in which it operates. The government intervention promotes the entrepreneurship and industrial activity to support the import and export businesses. Government economic policies and environmental legislations assist the businesses in creating a global corporate image. The UK government intervention and economic policies promote employment, consumerism, consumption, training, research, education, technology, infrastructure development, information technology, and customer spendings. References Beer, M. (2013) Early British Economics from the XIIIth to the middle of the XVIIIth century. UK: Routledge. Bergstein, S. (2014) UK Government Help to Buy scheme: A policy of genius or economic idiocy?. England: Grin Verlag. Giudice, G., Kuenzel, R., and Springbett, T. (2012) The UK Economy: The Crisis in Perspective. Great Britain: Routledge. Guay, R. T. (2014) The Business Environment of Europe: Firms, Governments, and Institutions. London: Cambridge University Press. Hodder Education (2015) Edexcel Economics A Student Guide: Theme 2 The UK economy - performance and policies. UK: Hachette Publication. Kitson, M. and Michie, J. (2015) The Political Economy of Competitiveness: Corporate Performance and Public Policy. UK: Routledge. Mitchell, M. (2012) My Revision Notes: AQA GCSE Citizenship Studies. UK: Hachette. Pelaez, C. (2008) Government Intervention in Globalization: Regulation, Trade and Devaluation Wars. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Pierrakis, Y. and Westlake, S. (2009) Reshaping the UK economy: The role of public investment in financing growth [Online]. Available at: https://www.nesta.org.uk/sites/default/files/reshaping_the_uk_economy.pdf. (Accessed: 27 March 2016). Walley, J. (2012) A Green Economy: Twelfth Report of Session 2010-12, Vol. 1: Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence, Volume 1. UK: The Stationery Office.

Review Case free essay sample

Review the data-flow diagrams you developed for questions in the Petrie’s Electronics case at the end of Chapter 6 (or diagrams given to you by your instructor). Study the data flows and data stored on these diagrams and decide whether you agree with the team’s conclusion that the only six entity types needed are listed in the case and in PE Figure 7-1. If you disagree, define additional entity types, explain why they are necessary, and modify PE Figure 7-1 accordingly.Answer will vary. Any additional entities should be properly modeled in an E-R diagram similar to Figure 7-1. 2. Again, review the DFDs you developed for the Petrie’s Electronics case (or those given to you by your instructor). Use these DFDs to identify the attributes of each of the six entities listed in this case plus any additional entities identified in your answer to Question 1. Write an unambiguous definition for each attribute. We will write a custom essay sample on Review Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then, redraw PE Figure 7-1 by placing the six (and additional) entities in this case on the diagram along with their associated attributes. Answers will vary, according to the answer to Question 1. 3. Using your answer to Question 2, designate which attribute or attributes form the identifier for each entity type. Explain why you chose each identifier. Answers will vary, according to the answer to Question 1. 4. Using your answer to Question 3, draw the relationships between entity types needed by the system.Remember, a relationship is needed only if the system wants data about associated entity instances. Give a meaningful name to each relationship. Specify cardinalities for each relationship and explain how you decided on each minimum and maximum cardinality at each end of each relationship. State any assumptions you made if the Petrie’s Electronics cases you have read so far and the answers to questions in these cases do not provide the evidence to justify the cardinalities you choose.Redraw your final E-R diagram in Microsoft Visio. Answers will vary, according to the answer to Question 1. 5. Now that you have developed in your answer to Question 4 a complete E-R diagram for the Petrie’s Electronics database, what are the consequences of not having an employee entity type in this diagram? Assuming only the attributes you show on the E-R diagram, would any attribute be moved from the entity it is currently associated with to an employee entity type if it were in the diagram? Why or why not?Not having an employee entity in the diagram means that employee activity while interacting with the system cannot be tracke d. 7. What date-related attributes did you identify in each of the entity types in your answer to Question 4? Why are each of these needed? Can you make some observations about why date attributes must be kept in a database, based on your analysis of this database? Date objects are needed anytime the date or time of the creation or update of the object are needed (especially in recording transactions and the like).

Child Trafficking Essays - Human Rights Abuses, Sex Crimes

Child Trafficking What is child trafficking? Child trafficking is a crime involving the movement of children for the purpose of their exploitation. It is considered child trafficking if the victim is under the age of 18, otherwise it is called human trafficking, which is also illegal. The purpose of child trafficking is for exploitation, which includes exploiting the prostitution of others, sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery or similar practices and the removal of organs. Children are also used in drug trades in all regions of the world. Children are often trafficked into exploitation as either drug couriers or drug dealers, and then they were paid in drugs, so that they become addicted and further entrapped. Due to the nature of drug trafficking, children who are apprehended are often treated as criminals, when in reality they are often the ones in need of legal assistance. There are many reasons why the victims dont run away. They dont run away because their traffickers control them. For example through debt bondage, a victim is told that he or she owes the trafficker money used for transportation, food and accommodation. The debt never decreases and the victim remains trapped by the trafficker. Other forms of control include taking and keeping a victims identity or travel documents, use as threats to harm the victims family, locking up the victim, and forced drug use. The victims are completely controlled and often too afraid to try to escape. Child trafficking has many effects. Usually the victims dont even have basic control over their daily decisions such as when to sleep, eat, or rest. Their lives are controlled by their traffickers who constantly abuse, torture, rape, forced drug use, forced abortions, and physiological manipulation, The experience is traumatic and damages the physical, mental, and social well being of a person. The traffickers usually aim for vulnerable people, even though anyone can be trafficked. Factors that cause vulnerability include lack of economic opportunities, poverty, unemployment, and domestic violence. There are a few facts about child trafficking. An enslaved child may be raped between five and ten times per night. The transaction may be for as little as $5 each night. However, the first time a child is sold, the price may rise as high as $200. On average, two children are sold every minute. Approximately 75-80% of child trafficking is for sex. The Indonesian government has done several efforts to stop this issue, but it seems like it didnt work well. The government did not demonstrate vigorous efforts to investigate and criminally punish law enforcement officials involved in human trafficking. We can help prevent child trafficking by distributing information to children and their parents about the abuse on children who are trafficked and the risk that children who migrate or are sent away from home to work or earn money for others will be trafficked. Other ways is that we can volunteer to do victim outreach or offer services to a local anti-trafficking organization.

Leisure Time Activities Essays

Leisure Time Activities Essays Leisure Time Activities Essay Leisure Time Activities Essay Leisure time activities Leisure time activities are Acting Archery Astronomy Bell ringing Betting Bicycling Bird watching Bowling Canoeing car maintenance CB radio Chess Cinema Crosswords Dancing Darts do it yourself Driving Eating out Fishing Football Gardening gliding hang gliding hare coursing health spas horse riding hunting ice skating jogging Knitting motor racing mountain climbing etc How to avoid doing negative work in leisure time Some people misuse their leisure. They would either pass it in sleeping,  playing cards, idle gossip, listening to the radio, or at the most in visiting the  pictures. They are all passive activities-activities in which they do nothing and which do not at all require any use of their brains. Therefore, such people feel bored and instead of wishing for more of leisure, wish for less of it. To avoid this they should do something creative which makes them active. Use of leisure activities The spending of leisure rightly is an art, and a difficult art. It must be spent in activities which require some, â€Å"doing, some acting, some use of the brain. The correct way of passing leisure is to acquire culture, to make and contemplate beautiful things. During  holidays, one may go out on picnics, as is done in the west, and thus get an opportunity of enjoying the beauty and freshness of nature. Picnics are  health  giving and provide the much needed change so essential for  health  and well-being. They refresh the mind and make it forget for the time being the prosaic cares and worries of this sorry life of ours. They provide the much needed touch of poetry in ones life. They increase efficiency and send back a man to his work with greater enthusiasm and  energy. Advantages of leisure activities: Relief from stress and boredom. It can help promote not only better emotional health but physical health as well. A feeling of control. Job or school demands might not give us that freedom. Enhanced communication skills and self-esteem. Shy or introverted people can benefit from group activities that are based on shared interests. Wider horizons. You can meet new people, learn new things and gain valuable perspective. A positive teaching model for children, who often learn better by example than by words alone. Your own behavior in group or family activities helps teach your children about: o Communication with others o Relationships with all kinds of people o Socially acceptable behavior o Negotiation and cooperation o Feelings and emotions o Listening o Playing o Reading habits o Your values

Critically discuss the extent to which capitalism has affected human Essay

Critically discuss the extent to which capitalism has affected human relationships - Essay Example Under these views capitalism has not a ‘stable’ and ‘standard’ format but tends to alternate in order to be adapted to the current political, social and financial conditions of a specific society. Capitalism can have many aspects; however it has certain characteristics and principles that remain the same throughout the years. More specifically, as Mcintyre (1992, 42) found ‘for capitalism to function smoothly, peoples "needs" must conform to the requirements of the production system; at the same time, Capitals search for ever expanding pools of surplus value requires the expansive manipulation of those needs’. One of the sectors that have suffered from capitalism is with no doubt the human relationships. In this case, capitalism has managed to transform not only the ‘structure’ but also the ‘content’ of the relevant relationships alternating their nature and changing their role. The influence of capitalism on human relationships has been intensive mostly the last years. In this context, Langford (1999, 1) stated that ‘in modern Western societies, couple relationships almost always come into being through a more or less powerful experience of emotional ‘bonding’, infused with erotic attraction; Being part of such a couple is held to be fundamental to our happiness, well-being and sense of place in the world; Reproduction, the family, and to a great extent social life itself, are seen as ideally based upon and around the loving (heterosexual) couple; Thus, while ‘falling in love’ remains something of a mystery, it is generally understood and experienced as a beneficial and foundational life event’. It has to be noticed however that the interpretation of human feelings although presenting above as ‘standard’ and ‘expected’ in many occasions they tend to differentiate in accordance with the politi cal